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Polar amplification
Polar amplification refers to the observation that any ''change'' in the net radiation balance (for example greenhouse intensification) tends to produce ''a larger change in temperature near the poles than the planetary average''. On a planet with an atmosphere that can restrict longwave radiation to space (a greenhouse effect), surface temperatures will be warmer than a simple planetary equilibrium temperature calculation would predict. Where the atmosphere or an extensive ocean is able to convect heat polewards, the poles will be warmer and equatorial regions cooler than their ''local'' net radiation balances would predict.
In the extreme, the planet Venus is thought to have experienced a very large increase in greenhouse effect over its lifetime, so much so that its poles have warmed sufficiently to render its surface temperature effectively isothermal (no difference between poles and equator). On Earth, water vapor and trace gasses provide a lesser greenhouse effect, and the atmosphere and extensive oceans provide efficient poleward heat transport. Both palaeoclimate changes and recent global warming changes have exhibited strong polar amplification, as described below.
== Amplification ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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